Publications | Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems

2020

ics Beuchert, J., Solowjow, F., Raisch, J., Trimpe, S., Seel, T. Hierarchical Event-triggered Learning for Cyclically Excited Systems with Application to Wireless Sensor Networks IEEE Control Systems Letters, 4(1):103-108, January 2020 (article) To be published

Control-guided Communication: Efficient Resource Arbitration and Allocation in Multi-hop Wireless Control Systems

Baumann, D., Mager, F., Zimmerling, M., Trimpe, S.

IEEE Control Systems Letters, 4(1):127-132, January 2020 (article) To be published

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ics Baumann, D., Mager, F., Zimmerling, M., Trimpe, S. Control-guided Communication: Efficient Resource Arbitration and Allocation in Multi-hop Wireless Control Systems IEEE Control Systems Letters, 4(1):127-132, January 2020 (article) To be published

Fabrication and temperature-dependent magnetic properties of large-area L10-FePt/Co exchange-spring magnet nanopatterns

Son, K., Schütz, G.

{Physica E: Low-Dimensional Systems And Nanostructures}, 115, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 2020 (article)

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mms Son, K., Schütz, G. Fabrication and temperature-dependent magnetic properties of large-area L10-FePt/Co exchange-spring magnet nanopatterns {Physica E: Low-Dimensional Systems And Nanostructures}, 115, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 2020 (article)

2009

Path integral-based stochastic optimal control for rigid body dynamics

Theodorou, E. A., Buchli, J., Schaal, S.

In Adaptive Dynamic Programming and Reinforcement Learning, 2009. ADPRL ’09. IEEE Symposium on, pages: 219-225, 2009, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract

Recent advances on path integral stochastic optimal control [1],[2] provide new insights in the optimal control of nonlinear stochastic systems which are linear in the controls, with state independent and time invariant control transition matrix. Under these assumptions, the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation is formulated and linearized with the use of the logarithmic transformation of the optimal value function. The resulting HJB is a linear second order partial differential equation which is solved by an approximation based on the Feynman-Kac formula [3]. In this work we review the theory of path integral control and derive the linearized HJB equation for systems with state dependent control transition matrix. In addition we derive the path integral formulation for the general class of systems with state dimensionality that is higher than the dimensionality of the controls. Furthermore, by means of a modified inverse dynamics controller, we apply path integral stochastic optimal control over the new control space. Simulations illustrate the theoretical results. Future developments and extensions are discussed.

2009

am Theodorou, E. A., Buchli, J., Schaal, S. Path integral-based stochastic optimal control for rigid body dynamics In Adaptive Dynamic Programming and Reinforcement Learning, 2009. ADPRL ’09. IEEE Symposium on, pages: 219-225, 2009, clmc (inproceedings)

link (url) Project Page [BibTex]

Learning locomotion over rough terrain using terrain templates

Kalakrishnan, M., Buchli, J., Pastor, P., Schaal, S.

In Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2009. IROS 2009. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on, pages: 167-172, 2009, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract

We address the problem of foothold selection in robotic legged locomotion over very rough terrain. The difficulty of the problem we address here is comparable to that of human rock-climbing, where foot/hand-hold selection is one of the most critical aspects. Previous work in this domain typically involves defining a reward function over footholds as a weighted linear combination of terrain features. However, a significant amount of effort needs to be spent in designing these features in order to model more complex decision functions, and hand-tuning their weights is not a trivial task. We propose the use of terrain templates, which are discretized height maps of the terrain under a foothold on different length scales, as an alternative to manually designed features. We describe an algorithm that can simultaneously learn a small set of templates and a foothold ranking function using these templates, from expert-demonstrated footholds. Using the LittleDog quadruped robot, we experimentally show that the use of terrain templates can produce complex ranking functions with higher performance than standard terrain features, and improved generalization to unseen terrain.

am Kalakrishnan, M., Buchli, J., Pastor, P., Schaal, S. Learning locomotion over rough terrain using terrain templates In Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2009. IROS 2009. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on, pages: 167-172, 2009, clmc (inproceedings)

link (url) Project Page [BibTex]

One-dimensional phthalocyanine nanostructures directed by gold templates

Krauss, T. N., Barrena, E., Lohmüller, T., Kelsch, M., Breitling, A., Van Aken, P. A., Spatz, J., Dosch, H.

{Chemistry of Materials}, 21, pages: 5010-5015, 2009 (article)

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mms Krauss, T. N., Barrena, E., Lohmüller, T., Kelsch, M., Breitling, A., Van Aken, P. A., Spatz, J., Dosch, H. One-dimensional phthalocyanine nanostructures directed by gold templates {Chemistry of Materials}, 21, pages: 5010-5015, 2009 (article)

Magnetische L10-FePt Nanostrukturen für höchste Datenspeicherdichten

Breitling, A.

Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2009 (phdthesis)

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mms Breitling, A. Magnetische L10-FePt Nanostrukturen für höchste Datenspeicherdichten Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2009 (phdthesis)

Near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure microscopy of organic and magnetic materials

Ade, H., Stoll, H.

{Nature Materials}, 8, pages: 281-290, 2009 (article)

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mms Ade, H., Stoll, H. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure microscopy of organic and magnetic materials {Nature Materials}, 8, pages: 281-290, 2009 (article)

X-ray imaging of the dynamic magnetic vortex core deformation

Vansteenkiste, A., Chou, K. W., Weigand, M., Curcic, M., Sackmann, V., Stoll, H., Tyliszczak, T., Woltersdorf, G., Back, C. H., Schütz, G., Van Waeyenberge, B.

{Nature Physics}, 5, pages: 332-334, 2009 (article)

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mms Vansteenkiste, A., Chou, K. W., Weigand, M., Curcic, M., Sackmann, V., Stoll, H., Tyliszczak, T., Woltersdorf, G., Back, C. H., Schütz, G., Van Waeyenberge, B. X-ray imaging of the dynamic magnetic vortex core deformation {Nature Physics}, 5, pages: 332-334, 2009 (article)

Order\textendashdisorder transition and valence state of ytterbium in YbAuxGa2-x(0.26 \textless\textequalsx \textless\textequals1.31)

Gumeniuk, R., Bischoff, E., Burkhardt, U., Prots, Y., Schnelle, W., Vasylechko, L., Schmidt, M., Kuzma, Y., Grin, Y.

{Journal of Solid State Chemistry}, 182(12):3374-3382, 2009 (article)

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mms Gumeniuk, R., Bischoff, E., Burkhardt, U., Prots, Y., Schnelle, W., Vasylechko, L., Schmidt, M., Kuzma, Y., Grin, Y. Order\textendashdisorder transition and valence state of ytterbium in YbAuxGa2-x(0.26 \textless\textequalsx \textless\textequals1.31) {Journal of Solid State Chemistry}, 182(12):3374-3382, 2009 (article)

Coercivity of ledge-type L10-FePt/Fe nanocomposites with perpendicular magnetization

Goll, D., Breitling, A.

{Applied Physics Letters}, 94, 2009 (article)

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mms Goll, D., Breitling, A. Coercivity of ledge-type L10-FePt/Fe nanocomposites with perpendicular magnetization {Applied Physics Letters}, 94, 2009 (article)

Time-resolved X-ray microscopy of nanoparticle aggregates under oscillatory shear

Auernhammer, G. K., Fauth, K., Ullrich, B., Zhao, J., Weigand, M., Vollmer, D.

{Journal of Synchrotron Radiation}, 16, pages: 307-309, 2009 (article)

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mms Auernhammer, G. K., Fauth, K., Ullrich, B., Zhao, J., Weigand, M., Vollmer, D. Time-resolved X-ray microscopy of nanoparticle aggregates under oscillatory shear {Journal of Synchrotron Radiation}, 16, pages: 307-309, 2009 (article)

Micromagnetism of advanced hard magnetic materials

Kronmüller, H., Goll, D.

{International Journal of Materials Research}, 100, pages: 640-651, 2009 (article)

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mms Kronmüller, H., Goll, D. Micromagnetism of advanced hard magnetic materials {International Journal of Materials Research}, 100, pages: 640-651, 2009 (article)

Confinement of MgH2 nanoclusters within nanoporous aerogel scaffold materials

Nielsen, T. K., Manickam, K., Hirscher, M., Besenbacher, F., Jensen, T. R.

{American Chemical Society Nano}, 3(11):3521-3528, 2009 (article)

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mms Nielsen, T. K., Manickam, K., Hirscher, M., Besenbacher, F., Jensen, T. R. Confinement of MgH2 nanoclusters within nanoporous aerogel scaffold materials {American Chemical Society Nano}, 3(11):3521-3528, 2009 (article)

Possible definition of atom- and bond-resolved contributions to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy

Subkow, S., Fähnle, M.

{Physical Review B}, 80, 2009 (article)

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mms Subkow, S., Fähnle, M. Possible definition of atom- and bond-resolved contributions to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy {Physical Review B}, 80, 2009 (article)

Modelling the interplay of central pattern generation and sensory feedback in the neuromuscular control of running

Daley, M., Righetti, L., Ijspeert, A.

In Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. Annual Main Meeting for the Society for Experimental Biology, 153, Glasgow, Scotland, 2009 (inproceedings)

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

mg Daley, M., Righetti, L., Ijspeert, A. Modelling the interplay of central pattern generation and sensory feedback in the neuromuscular control of running In Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. Annual Main Meeting for the Society for Experimental Biology, 153, Glasgow, Scotland, 2009 (inproceedings)

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

Valero-Cuevas, F., Hoffmann, H., Kurse, M. U., Kutch, J. J., Theodorou, E. A.

IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering – (All authors have equally contributed), (2):110?135, 2009, clmc (article)

Abstract

Computational models of the neuromuscular system hold the potential to allow us to reach a deeper understanding of neuromuscular function and clinical rehabilitation by complementing experimentation. By serving as a means to distill and explore specific hypotheses, computational models emerge from prior experimental data and motivate future experimental work. Here we review computational tools used to understand neuromuscular function including musculoskeletal modeling, machine learning, control theory, and statistical model analysis. We conclude that these tools, when used in combination, have the potential to further our understanding of neuromuscular function by serving as a rigorous means to test scientific hypotheses in ways that complement and leverage experimental data.

am Valero-Cuevas, F., Hoffmann, H., Kurse, M. U., Kutch, J. J., Theodorou, E. A. Computational models for neuromuscular function IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering – (All authors have equally contributed), (2):110?135, 2009, clmc (article)

Compact models of motor primitive variations for predictible reaching and obstacle avoidance

Stulp, F., Oztop, E., Pastor, P., Beetz, M., Schaal, S.

In IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids 2009), Paris, Dec.7-10, 2009, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract

over and over again. This regularity allows humans and robots to reuse existing solutions for known recurring tasks. We expect that reusing a set of standard solutions to solve similar tasks will facilitate the design and on-line adaptation of the control systems of robots operating in human environments. In this paper, we derive a set of standard solutions for reaching behavior from human motion data. We also derive stereotypical reaching trajectories for variations of the task, in which obstacles are present. These stereotypical trajectories are then compactly represented with Dynamic Movement Primitives. On the humanoid robot Sarcos CB, this approach leads to reproducible, predictable, and human-like reaching motions.

am Stulp, F., Oztop, E., Pastor, P., Beetz, M., Schaal, S. Compact models of motor primitive variations for predictible reaching and obstacle avoidance In IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids 2009), Paris, Dec.7-10, 2009, clmc (inproceedings)

Human optimization strategies under reward feedback

Hoffmann, H., Theodorou, E., Schaal, S.

In Abstracts of Neural Control of Movement Conference (NCM 2009), Waikoloa, Hawaii, 2009, 2009, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract

Many hypothesis on human movement generation have been cast into an optimization framework, implying that movements are adapted to optimize a single quantity, like, e.g., jerk, end-point variance, or control cost. However, we still do not understand how humans actually learn when given only a cost or reward feedback at the end of a movement. Such a reinforcement learning setting has been extensively explored theoretically in engineering and computer science, but in human movement control, hardly any experiment studied movement learning under reward feedback. We present experiments probing which computational strategies humans use to optimize a movement under a continuous reward function. We present two experimental paradigms. The first paradigm mimics a ball-hitting task. Subjects (n=12) sat in front of a computer screen and moved a stylus on a tablet towards an unknown target. This target was located on a line that the subjects had to cross. During the movement, visual feedback was suppressed. After the movement, a reward was displayed graphically as a colored bar. As reward, we used a Gaussian function of the distance between the target location and the point of line crossing. We chose such a function since in sensorimotor tasks, the cost or loss function that humans seem to represent is close to an inverted Gaussian function (Koerding and Wolpert 2004). The second paradigm mimics pocket billiards. On the same experimental setup as above, the computer screen displayed a pocket (two bars), a white disk, and a green disk. The goal was to hit with the white disk the green disk (as in a billiard collision), such that the green disk moved into the pocket. Subjects (n=8) manipulated with the stylus the white disk to effectively choose start point and movement direction. Reward feedback was implicitly given as hitting or missing the pocket with the green disk. In both paradigms, subjects increased the average reward over trials. The surprising result was that in these experiments, humans seem to prefer a strategy that uses a reward-weighted average over previous movements instead of gradient ascent. The literature on reinforcement learning is dominated by gradient-ascent methods. However, our computer simulations and theoretical analysis revealed that reward-weighted averaging is the more robust choice given the amount of movement variance observed in humans. Apparently, humans choose an optimization strategy that is suitable for their own movement variance.

am Hoffmann, H., Theodorou, E., Schaal, S. Human optimization strategies under reward feedback In Abstracts of Neural Control of Movement Conference (NCM 2009), Waikoloa, Hawaii, 2009, 2009, clmc (inproceedings)

Adaptive Frequency Oscillators and Applications

Righetti, L., Buchli, J., Ijspeert, A.

The Open Cybernetics \& Systemics Journal, 3, pages: 64-69, 2009 (article)

Abstract

In this contribution we present a generic mechanism to transform an oscillator into an adaptive frequency oscillator, which can then dynamically adapt its parameters to learn the frequency of any periodic driving signal. Adaptation is done in a dynamic way: it is part of the dynamical system and not an offline process. This mechanism goes beyond entrainment since it works for any initial frequencies and the learned frequency stays encoded in the system even if the driving signal disappears. Interestingly, this mechanism can easily be applied to a large class of oscillators from harmonic oscillators to relaxation types and strange attractors. Several practical applications of this mechanism are then presented, ranging from adaptive control of compliant robots to frequency analysis of signals and construction of limit cycles of arbitrary shape.

mg Righetti, L., Buchli, J., Ijspeert, A. Adaptive Frequency Oscillators and Applications The Open Cybernetics \& Systemics Journal, 3, pages: 64-69, 2009 (article)

Ab-initio Elliott-Yafet modeling of ultrafast demagnetization after laser irradiation

Illg, C.

Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2009 (mastersthesis)

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mms Illg, C. Ab-initio Elliott-Yafet modeling of ultrafast demagnetization after laser irradiation Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2009 (mastersthesis)

Element specific investigation of the magnetization profile at the CrO2/RuO2 interface

Zafar, K.

Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2009 (mastersthesis)

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mms Zafar, K. Element specific investigation of the magnetization profile at the CrO2/RuO2 interface Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2009 (mastersthesis)

Complex magnetic phase in submonolayer Fe stripes on Pt(977)

Honolka, J., Lee, T. Y., Kuhnke, K., Repetto, D., Sessi, V., Wahl, P., Buchsbaum, A., Varga, P., Gardonio, S., Carbone, C., Krishnakumar, S. R., Gambardella, P., Komelj, M., Singer, R., Fähnle, M., Fauth, K., Schütz, G., Enders, A., Kern, K.

{Physical Review B}, 79, 2009 (article)

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mms Honolka, J., Lee, T. Y., Kuhnke, K., Repetto, D., Sessi, V., Wahl, P., Buchsbaum, A., Varga, P., Gardonio, S., Carbone, C., Krishnakumar, S. R., Gambardella, P., Komelj, M., Singer, R., Fähnle, M., Fauth, K., Schütz, G., Enders, A., Kern, K. Complex magnetic phase in submonolayer Fe stripes on Pt(977) {Physical Review B}, 79, 2009 (article)

Local and nonlocal atomic contributions to unit-cell damping in near-adiabatic collinear magnetization dynamics

Seib, J., Steiauf, D., Fähnle, M.

{Physical Review B}, 79, 2009 (article)

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mms Seib, J., Steiauf, D., Fähnle, M. Local and nonlocal atomic contributions to unit-cell damping in near-adiabatic collinear magnetization dynamics {Physical Review B}, 79, 2009 (article)

Temperature-dependent critical currents in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-δand ferromagnetic La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 hybrid structures

Djupmyr, M., Soltan, S., Habermeier, H.-U., Albrecht, J.

{Physical Review B}, 80, 2009 (article)

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mms Djupmyr, M., Soltan, S., Habermeier, H.-U., Albrecht, J. Temperature-dependent critical currents in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-δand ferromagnetic La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 hybrid structures {Physical Review B}, 80, 2009 (article)

High surface area polyHIPEs with hierarchical pore system

Schwab, M. G., Senkovska, I., Rose, M., Klein, N., Koch, M., Pahnke, J., Jonschker, G., Schmitz, B., Hirscher, M., Kaskel, S.

{Soft Matter}, 5, pages: 1055-1059, 2009 (article)

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mms Schwab, M. G., Senkovska, I., Rose, M., Klein, N., Koch, M., Pahnke, J., Jonschker, G., Schmitz, B., Hirscher, M., Kaskel, S. High surface area polyHIPEs with hierarchical pore system {Soft Matter}, 5, pages: 1055-1059, 2009 (article)

Grain boundary wetting phase transformations in the Zn-Sn and Zn-In systems

Gornakova, A. S., Straumal, B. B., Tsurekawa, S., Chang, L.-S., Nekrasov, A. N.

{Reviews on Advanced Materials Science}, 21(1):18-26, 2009 (article)

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mms Gornakova, A. S., Straumal, B. B., Tsurekawa, S., Chang, L.-S., Nekrasov, A. N. Grain boundary wetting phase transformations in the Zn-Sn and Zn-In systems {Reviews on Advanced Materials Science}, 21(1):18-26, 2009 (article)

Magnetization study of nanograined pure and Mn-doped ZnO films: formation of a ferromagnetic grain-boundary foam

Straumal, B. B., Mazilkin, A. A., Protasova, S. G., Myatiev, A. A., Straumal, P. B., Schütz, G., van Aken, P. A., Goering, E., Baretzky, B.

{Physical Review B}, 79, 2009 (article)

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mms Straumal, B. B., Mazilkin, A. A., Protasova, S. G., Myatiev, A. A., Straumal, P. B., Schütz, G., van Aken, P. A., Goering, E., Baretzky, B. Magnetization study of nanograined pure and Mn-doped ZnO films: formation of a ferromagnetic grain-boundary foam {Physical Review B}, 79, 2009 (article)

In situ synthesis and hydrogen storage properties of PdNi alloy nanoparticles in an ordered mesoporous carbon template

Campesi, R., Cuevas, F., Leroy, E., Hirscher, M., Gadiou, R., Vix-Guterl, C., Latroche, M.

{Microporous and Mesoporous Materials}, 117, pages: 511-514, 2009 (article)

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mms Campesi, R., Cuevas, F., Leroy, E., Hirscher, M., Gadiou, R., Vix-Guterl, C., Latroche, M. In situ synthesis and hydrogen storage properties of PdNi alloy nanoparticles in an ordered mesoporous carbon template {Microporous and Mesoporous Materials}, 117, pages: 511-514, 2009 (article)

Bayesian Methods for Autonomous Learning Systems (Phd Thesis)

Ting, J.

Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 2009, clmc (phdthesis)

PDF [BibTex]

am Ting, J. Bayesian Methods for Autonomous Learning Systems (Phd Thesis) Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 2009, clmc (phdthesis)

PDF [BibTex]

On-line learning and modulation of periodic movements with nonlinear dynamical systems

Gams, A., Ijspeert, A., Schaal, S., Lenarčič, J.

Autonomous Robots, 27(1):3-23, 2009, clmc (article)

Abstract

Abstract The paper presents a two-layered system for (1) learning and encoding a periodic signal without any knowledge on its frequency and waveform, and (2) modulating the learned periodic trajectory in response to external events. The system is used to learn periodic tasks on a humanoid HOAP-2 robot. The first layer of the system is a dynamical system responsible for extracting the fundamental frequency of the input signal, based on adaptive frequency oscillators. The second layer is a dynamical system responsible for learning of the waveform based on a built-in learning algorithm. By combining the two dynamical systems into one system we can rapidly teach new trajectories to robots without any knowledge of the frequency of the demonstration signal. The system extracts and learns only one period of the demonstration signal. Furthermore, the trajectories are robust to perturbations and can be modulated to cope with a dynamic environment. The system is computationally inexpensive, works on-line for any periodic signal, requires no additional signal processing to determine the frequency of the input signal and can be applied in parallel to multiple dimensions. Additionally, it can adapt to changes in frequency and shape, e.g. to non-stationary signals, such as hand-generated signals and human demonstrations.

am Gams, A., Ijspeert, A., Schaal, S., Lenarčič, J. On-line learning and modulation of periodic movements with nonlinear dynamical systems Autonomous Robots, 27(1):3-23, 2009, clmc (article)

The SL simulation and real-time control software package

Schaal, S.

University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 2009, clmc (techreport)

Abstract

SL was originally developed as a Simulation Laboratory software package to allow creating complex rigid-body dynamics simulations with minimal development times. It was meant to complement a real-time robotics setup such that robot programs could first be debugged in simulation before trying them on the actual robot. For this purpose, the motor control setup of SL was copied from our experience with real-time robot setups with vxWorks (Windriver Systems, Inc.)Ñindeed, more than 90% of the code is identical to the actual robot software, as will be explained later in detail. As a result, SL is divided into three software components: 1) the generic code that is shared by the actual robot and the simulation, 2) the robot specific code, and 3) the simulation specific code. The robot specific code is tailored to the robotic environments that we have experienced over the years, in particular towards VME-based multi-processor real-time operating systems. The simulation specific code has all the components for OpenGL graphics simulations and mimics the robot multi-processor environment in simple C-code. Importantly, SL can be used stand-alone for creating graphics an-imationsÑthe heritage from real-time robotics does not restrict the complexity of possible simulations. This technical report describes SL in detail and can serve as a manual for new users of SL.

am Schaal, S. The SL simulation and real-time control software package University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 2009, clmc (techreport)

Local dimensionality reduction for non-parametric regression

Hoffman, H., Schaal, S., Vijayakumar, S.

Neural Processing Letters, 2009, clmc (article)

Abstract

Locally-weighted regression is a computationally-efficient technique for non-linear regression. However, for high-dimensional data, this technique becomes numerically brittle and computationally too expensive if many local models need to be maintained simultaneously. Thus, local linear dimensionality reduction combined with locally-weighted regression seems to be a promising solution. In this context, we review linear dimensionality-reduction methods, compare their performance on nonparametric locally-linear regression, and discuss their ability to extend to incremental learning. The considered methods belong to the following three groups: (1) reducing dimensionality only on the input data, (2) modeling the joint input-output data distribution, and (3) optimizing the correlation between projection directions and output data. Group 1 contains principal component regression (PCR); group 2 contains principal component analysis (PCA) in joint input and output space, factor analysis, and probabilistic PCA; and group 3 contains reduced rank regression (RRR) and partial least squares (PLS) regression. Among the tested methods, only group 3 managed to achieve robust performance even for a non-optimal number of components (factors or projection directions). In contrast, group 1 and 2 failed for fewer components since these methods rely on the correct estimate of the true intrinsic dimensionality. In group 3, PLS is the only method for which a computationally-efficient incremental implementation exists. Thus, PLS appears to be ideally suited as a building block for a locally-weighted regressor in which projection directions are incrementally added on the fly.

am Hoffman, H., Schaal, S., Vijayakumar, S. Local dimensionality reduction for non-parametric regression Neural Processing Letters, 2009, clmc (article)

Mit Röntgenblitzen zu neuen Erkenntnissen

Hedderich, R., Weigand, M., Baretzky, B.

{Nanotechnik - Molek\"ule Materialien Mikrosysteme}, (6 (Beilage zu Photonik 41. 2009)), 2009 (article)

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mms Hedderich, R., Weigand, M., Baretzky, B. Mit Röntgenblitzen zu neuen Erkenntnissen {Nanotechnik - Molek\"ule Materialien Mikrosysteme}, (6 (Beilage zu Photonik 41. 2009)), 2009 (article)

Magnetic resonant reflectometry on exchange bias systems

Brück, S.

Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2009 (phdthesis)

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mms Brück, S. Magnetic resonant reflectometry on exchange bias systems Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2009 (phdthesis)

Second-order faceting-roughening of the tilt grain boundary in zinc

Straumal, B. B., Gornakova, A. S., Sursaeva, V. G., Yashnikov, V. P.

{International Journal of Materials Research}, 100(4):525-529, 2009 (article)

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mms Straumal, B. B., Gornakova, A. S., Sursaeva, V. G., Yashnikov, V. P. Second-order faceting-roughening of the tilt grain boundary in zinc {International Journal of Materials Research}, 100(4):525-529, 2009 (article)

Improvement of interface structure and magnetic properties of Co on Si (100) by surfactant (Sb) mediated growth

Dash, S. P., Goll, D., Carstanjen, H. D.

{Applied Physics A}, 97(3):651-656, 2009 (article)

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mms Dash, S. P., Goll, D., Carstanjen, H. D. Improvement of interface structure and magnetic properties of Co on Si (100) by surfactant (Sb) mediated growth {Applied Physics A}, 97(3):651-656, 2009 (article)

Effect of severe plastic deformation on the coercivity of Co-Cu alloys

Straumal, B. B., Protasova, S. G., Mazilkin, A. A., Baretzky, B., Goll, D., Gunderov, D. V., Valiev, R. Z.

{Philosophical Magazine Letters}, 89(10):649-654, 2009 (article)

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mms Straumal, B. B., Protasova, S. G., Mazilkin, A. A., Baretzky, B., Goll, D., Gunderov, D. V., Valiev, R. Z. Effect of severe plastic deformation on the coercivity of Co-Cu alloys {Philosophical Magazine Letters}, 89(10):649-654, 2009 (article)

Magnetic properties of cobalt-covered MgB2 films

Treiber, S., Stuhlhofer, B., Habermeier, H.-U., Albrecht, J.

{Superconductor Science and Technology}, 22, 2009 (article)

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mms Treiber, S., Stuhlhofer, B., Habermeier, H.-U., Albrecht, J. Magnetic properties of cobalt-covered MgB2 films {Superconductor Science and Technology}, 22, 2009 (article)

Reconstruction of historic alloys for pipe organs brings true Baroque music back to life

Baretzky, B., Friesel, M., Straumal, B.

{Japan Organist}, 36, pages: 29-38, 2009 (article)

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mms Baretzky, B., Friesel, M., Straumal, B. Reconstruction of historic alloys for pipe organs brings true Baroque music back to life {Japan Organist}, 36, pages: 29-38, 2009 (article)

Exchange-coupled L10-FePt/Fe composite patterns with perpendicular magnetization

Breitling, A., Bublat, T., Goll, D.

{Physica Status Solidi - Rapid Research Letters}, 3(5):130-132, 2009 (article)

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mms Breitling, A., Bublat, T., Goll, D. Exchange-coupled L10-FePt/Fe composite patterns with perpendicular magnetization {Physica Status Solidi - Rapid Research Letters}, 3(5):130-132, 2009 (article)

Proton NMR studies of the NaAlH4 structure

Valiente-Banuet, L. E., Majer, G., Müller, K.

{Journal of Magnetic Resonance}, 200, pages: 280-284, 2009 (article)

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mms Valiente-Banuet, L. E., Majer, G., Müller, K. Proton NMR studies of the NaAlH4 structure {Journal of Magnetic Resonance}, 200, pages: 280-284, 2009 (article)

The SL simulation and real-time control software package

Schaal, S.

University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 2009, clmc (techreport)

Abstract

SL was originally developed as a Simulation Laboratory software package to allow creating complex rigid-body dynamics simulations with minimal development times. It was meant to complement a real-time robotics setup such that robot programs could first be debugged in simulation before trying them on the actual robot. For this purpose, the motor control setup of SL was copied from our experience with real-time robot setups with vxWorks (Windriver Systems, Inc.)â??indeed, more than 90% of the code is identical to the actual robot software, as will be explained later in detail. As a result, SL is divided into three software components: 1) the generic code that is shared by the actual robot and the simulation, 2) the robot specific code, and 3) the simulation specific code. The robot specific code is tailored to the robotic environments that we have experienced over the years, in particular towards VME-based multi-processor real-time operating systems. The simulation specific code has all the components for OpenGL graphics simulations and mimics the robot multi-processor environment in simple C-code. Importantly, SL can be used stand-alone for creating graphics an-imationsâ??the heritage from real-time robotics does not restrict the complexity of possible simulations. This technical report describes SL in detail and can serve as a manual for new users of SL.

am Schaal, S. The SL simulation and real-time control software package University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 2009, clmc (techreport)

Learning and generalization of motor skills by learning from demonstration

Pastor, P., Hoffmann, H., Asfour, T., Schaal, S.

In International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA2009), Kobe, Japan, May 12-19, 2009, 2009, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract

We provide a general approach for learning robotic motor skills from human demonstration. To represent an observed movement, a non-linear differential equation is learned such that it reproduces this movement. Based on this representation, we build a library of movements by labeling each recorded movement according to task and context (e.g., grasping, placing, and releasing). Our differential equation is formulated such that generalization can be achieved simply by adapting a start and a goal parameter in the equation to the desired position values of a movement. For object manipulation, we present how our framework extends to the control of gripper orientation and finger position. The feasibility of our approach is demonstrated in simulation as well as on a real robot. The robot learned a pick-and-place operation and a water-serving task and could generalize these tasks to novel situations.

am Pastor, P., Hoffmann, H., Asfour, T., Schaal, S. Learning and generalization of motor skills by learning from demonstration In International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA2009), Kobe, Japan, May 12-19, 2009, 2009, clmc (inproceedings)

Compliant quadruped locomotion over rough terrain

Buchli, J., Kalakrishnan, M., Mistry, M., Pastor, P., Schaal, S.

In Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2009. IROS 2009. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on, pages: 814-820, 2009, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract

Many critical elements for statically stable walking for legged robots have been known for a long time, including stability criteria based on support polygons, good foothold selection, recovery strategies to name a few. All these criteria have to be accounted for in the planning as well as the control phase. Most legged robots usually employ high gain position control, which means that it is crucially important that the planned reference trajectories are a good match for the actual terrain, and that tracking is accurate. Such an approach leads to conservative controllers, i.e. relatively low speed, ground speed matching, etc. Not surprisingly such controllers are not very robust - they are not suited for the real world use outside of the laboratory where the knowledge of the world is limited and error prone. Thus, to achieve robust robotic locomotion in the archetypical domain of legged systems, namely complex rough terrain, where the size of the obstacles are in the order of leg length, additional elements are required. A possible solution to improve the robustness of legged locomotion is to maximize the compliance of the controller. While compliance is trivially achieved by reduced feedback gains, for terrain requiring precise foot placement (e.g. climbing rocks, walking over pegs or cracks) compliance cannot be introduced at the cost of inferior tracking. Thus, model-based control and - in contrast to passive dynamic walkers - active balance control is required. To achieve these objectives, in this paper we add two crucial elements to legged locomotion, i.e., floating-base inverse dynamics control and predictive force control, and we show that these elements increase robustness in face of unknown and unanticipated perturbations (e.g. obstacles). Furthermore, we introduce a novel line-based COG trajectory planner, which yields a simpler algorithm than traditional polygon based methods and creates the appropriate input to our control system.We show results from bot- h simulation and real world of a robotic dog walking over non-perceived obstacles and rocky terrain. The results prove the effectivity of the inverse dynamics/force controller. The presented results show that we have all elements needed for robust all-terrain locomotion, which should also generalize to other legged systems, e.g., humanoid robots.

am Buchli, J., Kalakrishnan, M., Mistry, M., Pastor, P., Schaal, S. Compliant quadruped locomotion over rough terrain In Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2009. IROS 2009. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on, pages: 814-820, 2009, clmc (inproceedings)

Metal-Organic Frameworks

Panella, B., Hirscher, M.

In Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources, pages: 493-496, Elsevier, Amsterdam [et al.], 2009 (incollection)

mms

mms Panella, B., Hirscher, M. Metal-Organic Frameworks In Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources, pages: 493-496, Elsevier, Amsterdam [et al.], 2009 (incollection)

In-situ - Untersuchungen zu Interdiffusion und Magnetismus in magnetischen Multilayern

Schmidt, M.

Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2009 (mastersthesis)

mms

mms Schmidt, M. In-situ - Untersuchungen zu Interdiffusion und Magnetismus in magnetischen Multilayern Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2009 (mastersthesis)

Magnetism of FePt surface alloys

Honolka, J., Lee, T. Y., Kuhnke, K., Enders, A., Skomski, R., Bornemann, S., Mankovsky, S., Minár, J., Staunton, J., Ebert, H., Hessler, M., Fauth, K., Schütz, G., Buchsbaum, A., Schmid, M., Varga, P., Kern, K.

{Physical Review Letters}, 102(6), 2009 (article)

mms

mms Honolka, J., Lee, T. Y., Kuhnke, K., Enders, A., Skomski, R., Bornemann, S., Mankovsky, S., Minár, J., Staunton, J., Ebert, H., Hessler, M., Fauth, K., Schütz, G., Buchsbaum, A., Schmid, M., Varga, P., Kern, K. Magnetism of FePt surface alloys {Physical Review Letters}, 102(6), 2009 (article)

Enhanced 95Zr diffusion in grain boundaries of nano-crystalline ZrO2 \mbox⋅ 9.5 mol\textpercent Y2O3

Drings, H., Brossmann, U., Carstanjen, H. D., Szökefalvi-Nagy, A., Noll, C., Schaefer, H.-E.

{Physica Status Solidi (A)}, 206(1):54-58, 2009 (article)

mms

mms Drings, H., Brossmann, U., Carstanjen, H. D., Szökefalvi-Nagy, A., Noll, C., Schaefer, H.-E. Enhanced 95Zr diffusion in grain boundaries of nano-crystalline ZrO2 \mbox⋅ 9.5 mol\textpercent Y2O3 {Physica Status Solidi (A)}, 206(1):54-58, 2009 (article)